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Introduction: Invasive fungal infections other than theCandida species and Aspergillus species are becomingcommon in the nosocomial setting particularly among theimmunocompromised patients but there is a hinderance intheir accurate diagnosis. Aim of our study was to know theprevalence of rare fungal species and to know the patientsoutcome in our region. Aim of our study is to know theprevalence of rare fungal species and to know the patientsoutcome in our region.Material amd Methods: The present study was carried outon the patients attending outpatient department and inpatientdepartment of T.B. and Respiratory Diseases, along with thoseattending antiretroviral treatment clinic and ICTC (Departmentof Microbiology), in J. N. Medical College, AMU during theperiod of January 2015 to October 2016.Results: Majority of the cases i.e., 47 (31.3%) were between31-40 years with a mean age of 32.5 years. Of 65 isolates,Cryptococcus neoformans and Pneumocystis jiroveciirepresented 2 (6.1%) isolates each, all of which were foundin HIV positive cases. 1 (3.1%) isolate of Mucor from adiabetic patient and 1 (3.1%) isolate of Penicillium marneffeifrom an HIV positive patient as detected. Cryptococcus andPneumocystis jirovecii were isolated from both patients withCD4 count< 200. and 114(+19.9) respectively.Conclusions: Invasive fungal infections other than thecandidia species and aspergillus species are becoming verycommon now a days.
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Introduction: Incidence of invasive fungal infections is now rising. An estimated 4.7 million HIV-1–infected persons are living in Asia. The aim of the study was to know the anti fungal susceptibility profile of Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp.in northen India region. Material and methods: In this study we took 150 patients attending outpatient department and admitted in the wards of T.B. and Respiratory Diseases, along with those attending antiretroviral treatment clinic and ICTC (Department of Microbiology), in J. N. Medical College, AMU. Results: Amongst Candida isolates, resistance to fluconazole was seen in 6.9% isolates of C. albicans. 50% of C. dubliniensis and 20% of C.glabrata were resistant to fluconazole. Also, resistance to ketoconazole was observed in 25% isolates of C. dubliniensis. Only 1 isolate was resistant to AMB which was of C.glabrata (20%) and no isolate was resistant to Caspofungin. Resistance to Amphotericin B was seen in 11.8% of A. fumigatus, 10% of A. flavus and 33.3% of A. niger. Resistance to Itraconazole was found in 11.8% of A. fumigatus, 20% of A. flavus and 33.3% of A. niger. Resistance to Ketoconazole was seen in 11.1% of A. fumigatus, 14.2% of A. flavus and 100% of A. niger. No resistance was seen against Caspofungin against any species of Aspergillus. Conclusion: There is gradual increase in the antifungal resistance among higher drugs reported from other regions, is a major concern for today.
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Background: Alcohol dependence is associated with domestic violence, which in turn aggravates the physical and emotional distress of the family. Alcohol dependence also leads to decrease in social support not just for the affected individual but for the family. Various studies revealed low level of life satisfaction and among the family members of patients with alcohol dependence. The aim of the study was to compare marital adjustment and life satisfaction among the spouses of patients with alcohol dependence with normal healthy control. Methods: It was cross sectional study conducted at Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences, Ranchi. Thirty patients with alcohol dependence syndrome with their spouses and 30 age and socio-economic status matched healthy control with their spouses were inducted in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Spouses of the two groups were compared for their life satisfaction and marital adjustment using life Satisfaction Scale and Marital Adjustment Questioner respectively. Results: There was significant difference in respect to life satisfaction among the spouses of individual with alcohol dependence syndrome and normal healthy control. Life satisfaction as well as marital adjustment was better in spouses of normal healthy control as compared to spouses of patients of alcohol dependence. Conclusions: There is significant difference in respect to life satisfaction among the spouses of individual with alcohol dependence syndrome and normal healthy control. Wives of normal healthy control had better marital adjustment as compared to spouses of alcohol dependence syndrome. There was positive co-relation between life satisfaction and marital adjustment.
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AIM: The aim of current research was to find out the sealing ability of two commonly used sealers in the presence and absence of smear layer at different time interval. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Total of 180 single rooted vital teeth were used. Transversal section was made with the help of digital slow speed cutting saw to divide the root and crown part. After removal of crown roots part was instrumented and prepared. The 180 teeth were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=90) 1 and 2. In group 1 the smear layer was kept intact but it was removed from group 2 with EDTA (17%). Group 1 was then divided into two sub-groups, A1, A2. Group 2 was again separated into two sub-groups, B1 and B2. Each sub-group contained of 45 samples. In sub-groups A1 and B1, AH Plus sealer, in sub-groups A2 and B2, Ketac-endo sealer and cold lateral condensation technique was used for obturation with gutta percha. All samples were kept in an incubator at 37°C for 24 hours, with help of nail polish/varnish all samples root surfaces was painted only excluding apical area after words each sub group were further divided in to three groups of 15 to represent immersion periods of 7,15 and 30 days. All samples were then kept in 5 % methylene blue dye solution at 37o c for their respective time periods. After specific time period, the roots of every group were cut longitudinally and evaluate under a stereomicroscopes to evaluate apical micro leakage in millimeter. Data was subjected to Repeated measure ANOVA with post-hoc analysis using Tukey and bonferroni tests. RESULTS: Overall analysis indicated significant reduction in sealing ability canals in with and without smear layer over different time periods (p <0.0001). CONCLUSION: Current study has concluded that AH plus sealer provides significantly better seal in the absence of smear layer than in the presence of smear layer in addition it gave better seal than Ketac-Endo sealer in the absence and presence of smear layer.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pit and Fissure Sealants , Condensation , Cold Temperature , Coloring Agents , Gutta-Percha , Methylene BlueABSTRACT
AIM: The objective of present study was to assess the effect of commonly used energy drinks on surface micro hardness of tooth color restorative materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty discs of all material were prepared in polytetrafluoroethylene mold which was 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. Two groups were made for each material containing 10 discs; G1/G2 (vitofil), G3/G4 (vitremere), G5/G6 (Filtek Z350). After 24 hours, the discs were polished. Group 1, group 3 and group 5 were immersed in red bull for 2 minutes during whole expereiment. Group 2, group 4 and group 6 were immersed in jolt cola for 2 minutes during whole expereiment. Microhardness test were performed in digital micro hardness tester before and after immersion at different time interval. The results were statistically analyzed with the help of two-way ANOVA with repeated measurement and Tukey's test. RESULTS: According to time interval for vitofil and vitremere there is insignificant difference between baseline and day 1 surface micro hardness values (p>0.001). Significant difference is seen between baseline micro hardness and day 7 day 14,day 30 (p<0.001). Inverse is true for Filtek Z350 there is significant difference between base line and day 1 micro hardness values(p<0.001). The difference between base line, day 7, day 14 and day 30 is insignificant (p>0.001). According to immersion media there is insignificant difference between both of them (p>0.001). CONCLUSION: The effect of energy drinks on the surface micro hardness of a restorative material depends on the duration of contact time and the material composition not on the type of drink.